Pigeons Can Be Superstitious, Why Allergy Drugs Make You Sleepy, and The 5 Ages of the Universe

Learn about how a psychologist named B.F. Skinner proved that pigeons can be superstitious; the science of histamines and why allergy medications make us sleepy; and the 5 ages of the universe, including the Stelliferous Era we’re in right now.

Pigeons Can Be Superstitious — And a Psychologist Once Proved It by Ashley Hamer

• Superstitious behavior | Comparative Cognition Laboratory | Psychological and Brain Sciences. (2020). Uiowa.edu. https://psychology.uiowa.edu/comparative-cognition-laboratory/glossary/superstitious-behavior
• Classics in the History of Psychology -- Skinner (1948). (2020). Yorku.ca. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Skinner/Pigeon/
• Inglis-Arkell, E. (2011, January 31). How pigeons get to be superstitious. io9. https://io9.gizmodo.com/how-pigeons-get-to-be-superstitious-5746904

Why do allergy medications make us sleepy? by Cameron Duke

• Basophils - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (2013). Sciencedirect.com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/basophils
• Castro, J. (2013, December 16). Why Do Antihistamines Make You Drowsy? Livescience.Com; Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/41999-antihistamines-drowsy-benadryl-allergies.html
• Diez-Garcia, A., & Garzon, M. (2017). [Regulation of the phases of the sleep-wakefulness cycle with histamine]. Revista De Neurologia, 64(6), 267–277. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28272728
• Jutel, M., Blaser, K., & Akdis, C. A. (2006). The role of histamine in regulation of immune responses. Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 91, 174–187. https://doi.org/10.1159/000090280
• Thakkar, M. M. (2011). Histamine in the regulation of wakefulness. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 15(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2010.06.004
• Regenerative Medicine Partnership in Education. (2020). Duq.edu. http://sepa.duq.edu/regmed/immune/histamine.html

There are 5 ages of the universe, and we're in the Stelliferous Era by Grant Currin

• Physics offers glimpse into the universe’s dark era. (1997, January 13). University of Michigan News. https://news.umich.edu/physics-offers-glimpse-into-the-universe-s-dark-era/
• Adler, D. (2020, March 24). The Degenerate Era: When the universe stops making stars. Astronomy.com. https://astronomy.com/news/2020/03/the-degenerate-era-when-the-universe-stops-making-stars

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