Hematuria is subdivided into visible (gross) hematuria and microhematuria. Most cases of microhematuria are thankfully benign, but in some patients it may be a red flag (no pun intended) for something more ominous. What defines hematuria? Do all patients need urological referral? In this session, we will summarize and highlight one of the ABOG MOC articles (Jan 2022) which helps clear up the mystery of Hematuria.