Back in November, 1996, the American Pain Institute introduced “Pain as the 5^th Vital Sign” as a means to diagonose where a patient was at. This, sadly, led to our opiod epidemic of an over prescription of things like oxycontin. Today, we still have this metric in place, which may be useful to some, and negligent to others. At what point do we include a level of “fear” into our medical calculations to diagnose and treat symptoms of individuals, up to a community level?

 

Executive Producers: John Fletcher

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3888154/

 

https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(17)54182-3/fulltext

 

https://www.medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/publichealth/57336

 

https://uahs.arizona.edu/blog/2016-04-02/5th-vital-sign-and-america%E2%80%99s-painkiller-epidemic

 

https://www.va.gov/painmanagement/docs/toolkit.pdf

 

https://journals.lww.com/pain/fulltext/2016/01000/the_fifth_vital_sign_revistied.2.aspx

 

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/30/enduring-pain-how-a-1996-opioid-policy-change-had-long-lasting-effects

 

https://www.courthousenews.com/family-behind-oxycontin-attests-to-its-role-in-opioid-crisis/

 

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/opioids-doctors-prescriptions-payments/

 

https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2021/how-pain-led-to-an-opioid-epidemic-learning-from-the-past-to-better-treat-pain-in-the-future/

 

https://mtntactical.com/research/rock-climbing-exposure-mini-study-can-measure-fear/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3879951/

 

https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/anxiety/related/levels-of-anxiety/

 

https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/senate/manchin-biden-fda-nomination-an-insult-given-opioid-epidemic-and-pharmaceutical-ties

 

https://www.manchin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/manchin-opposes-nomination-of-dr-robert-califf-for-fda-commissioner

 

https://www.nationofchange.org/2016/02/26/new-fda-commissioner-has-ties-to-big-pharma/

 

https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/11/12/senate-urged-reject-bidens-poor-choice-fda-chief-over-ties-big-pharma

 

https://cacmap.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-leadership-1907-today/scott-gottlieb

 

https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/06/14/hahn-job-talks-flagship/

 

https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2021/10/12/pfizer_board_member_former_fda_commissioner_and_cnbc_contributor_scott_gottlieb_governors_should_not_ban_corporate_vaccine_mandates.html

 

www.billybon3s.com