At the height of the Third Reich's war production there were nearly five million additional German and foreign workers in the war economy. Despite the efforts made by Albert Speer to rationalise the war economy and make it more efficient, there was still too few workers to compete with the combined military production of the allied powers. Workers from Germany, from occupied western countries and from allied countries like Italy and Hungary were recruited though non German workers were paid less and treated badly. The poverty and ill health of Polish workers and Russian POWs meant that heavy labour tasks were impossible, only 5% of the Russian POWs were fit for any kind of work at all.

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