Story at-a-glance The brain and muscles maintain constant two-way communication — muscles release biochemical signals that travel to the brain, while the brain coordinates movement and balance Regular physical activity enhances your brain function through multiple mechanisms, such as boosting neurogenesis, increasing cerebral blood flow, reducing inflammation and building cognitive reserve A 2024 study revealed that both biochemical signals (myokines) and mechanical forces from muscle contractions during exercise independently contribute to motor neuron growth and development Moderate-intensity exercise for at least 30 minutes is optimal for brain health, while excessive high-intensity workouts elevate cortisol and negate longevity benefits Tips to tailor your routine for maximum cognitive gains are included below, such as elevating your heart rate, allowing time for results, diversifying workouts and incorporating social activities