Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration and famously saved his entire crew after his ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed and sank. The crew escaped by camping on the sea ice until it disintegrated, then by launching the lifeboats to reach Elephant Island, after which Shackleton and a small crew sailed in a makeshift boat over stormy ocean conditions to South Georgia Island, 720 nautical miles away to get help.

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