It is unlikely that any model of major depressive disorder is likely to find universal signals among those diagnosed because the symptoms are so diverse.  However, it does seem likely that models, such as brain-network models, will be able to identify common dysfunctions among those with similar symptom burdens (for example, those with primarily anhedonic symptoms, dysphoria, or with excessive rumination over their own worthlessness), and then help identify how various modalities may be more or less effective to treat these symptoms specifically. Please leave feedback at https://www.psydactic.com or send any comments to feedback@psydactic.com.References and readings (when available) are posted at the end of each episode transcript, located at psydactic.buzzsprout.com. All opinions expressed in this podcast are exclusively those of the person speaking and should not be confused with the opinions of anyone else. We reserve the right to be wrong. Nothing in this podcast should be treated as individual medical advice.