"We introduce Casper, a proof of stake-based finality system which overlays an existing proof of work blockchain. Casper is a partial consensus mechanism combining proof of stake algorithm research and Byzantine fault tolerant consensus theory. We introduce our system, prove some desirable features, and show defenses against long range revisions and catastrophic crashes. The Casper overlay provides almost any proof of work chain with additional protections against block reversions."

Today we're diving into Casper, the finality gadget that is the base for Ethereum PoS finality mechanism. 

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Link to the paper https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.09437.pdf