Thomas Sowell’s Economic Facts and Fallacies challenges common economic beliefs by rigorously examining them against factual evidence. The book systematically dismantles various fallacies related to urban planning, gender income disparities, academic practices, racial inequality, and Third World development. Sowell emphasizes the importance of considering individual choices and unintended consequences when analyzing social and economic issues. He argues that many widely held beliefs are unsubstantiated and often lead to counterproductive policies. The book uses statistical data and historical analysis to support its arguments, highlighting the limitations of simplistic explanations and the dangers of ignoring hard evidence.