S16 E39: Karl Kreder (Dr. K) on Scaling Proof of Work, Bitcoin & Quai
Karl Kreder, better known as Dr. K, is best known in the space for researching the use of merged-mined subnets to scale Proof of Work in 2018 – a concept which led to the launch of the Quai Network, which introduced the Proof of Entropy Minima (PoEM) consensus for high transaction throughput within a decentralized environment.
Today, we talk about his views on Bitcoin, why Proof of Work is still relevant in a world that's converging towards the more convenient Proof of Stake, and how the Quai Network works.
Time stamps:
00:00 Intro & Welcome
00:03:00 Discussion Length Challenge
00:04:00 Dr. K's Bitcoin Background
00:06:00 Wallet Security & Lattice1
00:08:00 Scaling PoW Networks
00:11:00 PoW vs PoS Debate
00:13:00 Fair Launch & Distribution Issues
00:15:00 Quai Launch & Hash Rate
00:17:00 GPU Mining & ProgPow
00:20:00 ASIC Manufacturers
00:23:00 NiceHash & AI Integration
00:26:00 Quai Network Inspiration
00:29:00 Electronic Cash Necessity
00:32:00 Quai Scale to Replace Visa
00:34:00 Decentralization & No Roadmap
00:38:00 LayerTwo Labs Ad & DriveChains
00:40:00 Hierarchy for Validation
00:42:00 Payment Platforms Limits
00:44:00 Scale Beyond Current L1s
00:46:00 Monetary History & Gold
00:50:00 Self-Custody Challenges
00:52:00 Kaspa Differences & DAG
00:54:00 Bitcoin Love & Improvements
00:56:00 BSV Technical Limits
00:58:00 Consensus as Limit
01:00:00 Wolfram Physics Project
01:02:00 Scale Analogy & Consensus
01:04:00 Quai Node Hardware
01:06:00 Systemically Important Nodes
01:08:00 Bitcoin Privacy Issues
01:11:00 CoinJoin & Deniability
01:13:00 Good vs Bad Nodes
01:15:00 Economic Surplus Incentives
01:16:00 Bitcoin.com News Ad
01:19:00 Government as Enemy
01:21:00 Digital Paths & Freedom
01:23:00 Bitcoin as Linux & Tribalism
01:25:00 Legit Coins Assessment
01:26:00 EVM Compatibility Reasons
01:34:00 Why Choose EVM
01:35:00 Programming Languages
01:37:00 Simplicity Language
01:38:00 EVM as Standard
01:40:00 Bitcoin Changes Proposal
01:42:00 Quai Mainnet Visualization
01:45:00 Sharding Coordination
01:46:00 PoEM Consensus Mechanism
01:49:00 Chain Work & Withholding
01:52:00 Work Shares Explained
01:54:00 Miner Shard Choice & Balance
01:57:00 Privacy in Sharding
01:59:00 Settlement Time Trade-Off
02:00:00 Ethereum Usage Stats
02:03:00 Qi Token & Energy Dollar
02:12:00 Quai Deflationary Supply
02:16:00 Qi Privacy Properties
02:24:00 Node Incentives & Markets
02:27:00 Kipper Tipping App
02:31:00 Blip Pay Wallet Demo
02:40:00 EVM Big Deal
02:43:00 Quai Launch Reception
02:47:00 Industry Reviews
02:49:00 PoW Sampling Theory
03:02:00 Kipper Demo
03:07:00 Multiplatform Kipper
03:12:00 Qi Denominations & Pruning
03:14:00 Messaging via Qi
03:15:00 PWAs Advantages
03:19:00 Neo PoW Explained
03:21:00 Data Provider Agnostic
03:23:00 Transaction Propagation
03:26:00 Global TPS Demand
03:28:00 Interchange Integration
03:31:00 Direct Crypto POS
03:33:00 Node Requirements in Sharding
03:35:00 Kaspa Attention Reasons
03:38:00 ASIC Future in Quai
03:41:00 Trilemma & Tetralemma
03:43:00 Hierarchy Trade-Offs
03:47:00 Security Notes
03:50:00 Resource Markets
03:52:00 Quantum Resistance
03:57:00 Work Shares Uses
04:00:00 Decentralized Pools (Dools)
04:02:00 Quai Simplicity
04:07:00 Tree Chains Comparison
04:09:00 Homogeneous Security
04:10:00 Vitalik Story
04:18:00 Qi Details
04:24:00 Dool Mechanics
04:27:00 Work Shares Info
04:29:00 2000 Viewers Milestone
04:29:00 Magic Word
04:31:00 Monero Reorgs & Qubic
04:34:00 Transaction Censorship
04:37:00 Red Balloon Problem
04:38:00 Selfish Mining
04:42:00 Liquidity Arc
04:44:00 Culture Challenge
04:46:00 Regional Trends
04:48:00 State Bloat vs Consensus
04:51:00 Storage Scaling
04:54:00 Propagation Time
04:56:00 400ms Lower Bound
04:58:00 Interplanetary Transactions
05:00:00 Reference Resolution
05:05:00 Propagation & Consensus
05:07:00 Independent Samples
05:08:00 Price Pump
05:10:00 Ideology & Tech
05:11:00 Bitcoin Scaling Limits
05:12:00 Gold as PoW
05:14:00 Self-Custody
05:17:00 Yield & MSTR
05:20:00 Pandemic Inflation
05:22:00 Dollar Future
05:24:00 Bitcoin Heterodoxy
05:25:00 Maximalism
05:29:00 Cult Dynamics
05:30:00 Mises & Rothbard
05:32:00 Roger Ver
05:36:00 Saylor Infiltration
05:37:00 Memes & Philosophies
05:38:00 Leader Emergence
05:39:00 CIA Speculation
05:40:00 Who is Satoshi?
05:41:00 Code Quality
05:42:00 Burning Keys
05:43:00 Martti Malmi Insights
05:44:00 Satoshi Is Not NSA
05:45:00 21m Is Arbitrary
05:46:00 Early Changes
05:47:00 Block Size Temp
05:48:00 Economics Assumptions
05:49:00 Satoshi Scaling
05:52:00 Tech Optimism
05:53:00 Industry Honesty
05:56:00 Sharding Complexity
05:57:00 PoW Scalability
05:58:00 Consensus Efficiency
05:59:00 Sharding Compat
06:00:00 Memes as Rhetoric
06:02:00 Hoskinson Cult
06:03:00 Fake Engagement
06:04:00 Steam Adoption
06:07:00 Overstock & Patrick Byrne
06:10:00 Design Philosophy
06:11:00 Frustrated Devs
06:12:00 Talent Exodus
06:14:00 Follow Dr. K
06:15:00 Message to Yonatan
06:16:00 Quai vs Kaspa
06:17:00 Closing Remarks
Today, we talk about his views on Bitcoin, why Proof of Work is still relevant in a world that's converging towards the more convenient Proof of Stake, and how the Quai Network works.
Time stamps:
00:00 Intro & Welcome
00:03:00 Discussion Length Challenge
00:04:00 Dr. K's Bitcoin Background
00:06:00 Wallet Security & Lattice1
00:08:00 Scaling PoW Networks
00:11:00 PoW vs PoS Debate
00:13:00 Fair Launch & Distribution Issues
00:15:00 Quai Launch & Hash Rate
00:17:00 GPU Mining & ProgPow
00:20:00 ASIC Manufacturers
00:23:00 NiceHash & AI Integration
00:26:00 Quai Network Inspiration
00:29:00 Electronic Cash Necessity
00:32:00 Quai Scale to Replace Visa
00:34:00 Decentralization & No Roadmap
00:38:00 LayerTwo Labs Ad & DriveChains
00:40:00 Hierarchy for Validation
00:42:00 Payment Platforms Limits
00:44:00 Scale Beyond Current L1s
00:46:00 Monetary History & Gold
00:50:00 Self-Custody Challenges
00:52:00 Kaspa Differences & DAG
00:54:00 Bitcoin Love & Improvements
00:56:00 BSV Technical Limits
00:58:00 Consensus as Limit
01:00:00 Wolfram Physics Project
01:02:00 Scale Analogy & Consensus
01:04:00 Quai Node Hardware
01:06:00 Systemically Important Nodes
01:08:00 Bitcoin Privacy Issues
01:11:00 CoinJoin & Deniability
01:13:00 Good vs Bad Nodes
01:15:00 Economic Surplus Incentives
01:16:00 Bitcoin.com News Ad
01:19:00 Government as Enemy
01:21:00 Digital Paths & Freedom
01:23:00 Bitcoin as Linux & Tribalism
01:25:00 Legit Coins Assessment
01:26:00 EVM Compatibility Reasons
01:34:00 Why Choose EVM
01:35:00 Programming Languages
01:37:00 Simplicity Language
01:38:00 EVM as Standard
01:40:00 Bitcoin Changes Proposal
01:42:00 Quai Mainnet Visualization
01:45:00 Sharding Coordination
01:46:00 PoEM Consensus Mechanism
01:49:00 Chain Work & Withholding
01:52:00 Work Shares Explained
01:54:00 Miner Shard Choice & Balance
01:57:00 Privacy in Sharding
01:59:00 Settlement Time Trade-Off
02:00:00 Ethereum Usage Stats
02:03:00 Qi Token & Energy Dollar
02:12:00 Quai Deflationary Supply
02:16:00 Qi Privacy Properties
02:24:00 Node Incentives & Markets
02:27:00 Kipper Tipping App
02:31:00 Blip Pay Wallet Demo
02:40:00 EVM Big Deal
02:43:00 Quai Launch Reception
02:47:00 Industry Reviews
02:49:00 PoW Sampling Theory
03:02:00 Kipper Demo
03:07:00 Multiplatform Kipper
03:12:00 Qi Denominations & Pruning
03:14:00 Messaging via Qi
03:15:00 PWAs Advantages
03:19:00 Neo PoW Explained
03:21:00 Data Provider Agnostic
03:23:00 Transaction Propagation
03:26:00 Global TPS Demand
03:28:00 Interchange Integration
03:31:00 Direct Crypto POS
03:33:00 Node Requirements in Sharding
03:35:00 Kaspa Attention Reasons
03:38:00 ASIC Future in Quai
03:41:00 Trilemma & Tetralemma
03:43:00 Hierarchy Trade-Offs
03:47:00 Security Notes
03:50:00 Resource Markets
03:52:00 Quantum Resistance
03:57:00 Work Shares Uses
04:00:00 Decentralized Pools (Dools)
04:02:00 Quai Simplicity
04:07:00 Tree Chains Comparison
04:09:00 Homogeneous Security
04:10:00 Vitalik Story
04:18:00 Qi Details
04:24:00 Dool Mechanics
04:27:00 Work Shares Info
04:29:00 2000 Viewers Milestone
04:29:00 Magic Word
04:31:00 Monero Reorgs & Qubic
04:34:00 Transaction Censorship
04:37:00 Red Balloon Problem
04:38:00 Selfish Mining
04:42:00 Liquidity Arc
04:44:00 Culture Challenge
04:46:00 Regional Trends
04:48:00 State Bloat vs Consensus
04:51:00 Storage Scaling
04:54:00 Propagation Time
04:56:00 400ms Lower Bound
04:58:00 Interplanetary Transactions
05:00:00 Reference Resolution
05:05:00 Propagation & Consensus
05:07:00 Independent Samples
05:08:00 Price Pump
05:10:00 Ideology & Tech
05:11:00 Bitcoin Scaling Limits
05:12:00 Gold as PoW
05:14:00 Self-Custody
05:17:00 Yield & MSTR
05:20:00 Pandemic Inflation
05:22:00 Dollar Future
05:24:00 Bitcoin Heterodoxy
05:25:00 Maximalism
05:29:00 Cult Dynamics
05:30:00 Mises & Rothbard
05:32:00 Roger Ver
05:36:00 Saylor Infiltration
05:37:00 Memes & Philosophies
05:38:00 Leader Emergence
05:39:00 CIA Speculation
05:40:00 Who is Satoshi?
05:41:00 Code Quality
05:42:00 Burning Keys
05:43:00 Martti Malmi Insights
05:44:00 Satoshi Is Not NSA
05:45:00 21m Is Arbitrary
05:46:00 Early Changes
05:47:00 Block Size Temp
05:48:00 Economics Assumptions
05:49:00 Satoshi Scaling
05:52:00 Tech Optimism
05:53:00 Industry Honesty
05:56:00 Sharding Complexity
05:57:00 PoW Scalability
05:58:00 Consensus Efficiency
05:59:00 Sharding Compat
06:00:00 Memes as Rhetoric
06:02:00 Hoskinson Cult
06:03:00 Fake Engagement
06:04:00 Steam Adoption
06:07:00 Overstock & Patrick Byrne
06:10:00 Design Philosophy
06:11:00 Frustrated Devs
06:12:00 Talent Exodus
06:14:00 Follow Dr. K
06:15:00 Message to Yonatan
06:16:00 Quai vs Kaspa
06:17:00 Closing Remarks
Activity