Kevin T. Carter is an investment expert with a rich history rooted in the evolution of financial markets and a deep dive into emerging economies. Throughout our conversation, we explored Carter's journey from a fresh college graduate with a keen interest in investment, sparked by the iconic book "A Random Walk Down Wall Street," to a visionary in the field of emerging markets. His early career began in an investment bank, where a casual interview turned into the launchpad for his investment career.

Carter shared the profound influence of Burton Malkiel's work on his professional outlook, notably Malkiel's revolutionary idea of index funds which laid the groundwork for Carter's own innovations in investment strategies. "It was just an idea to Burt Malkiel back then," Carter recalls, highlighting the transformative potential of indexing and ETFs which now dominate the investment landscape.

The narrative then shifts to Carter's disillusionment with the mutual fund business and his pioneering work in fractional share trading and direct indexing. His collaboration with Malkiel not only refined his investment philosophy but also led to the creation of groundbreaking financial services that democratized stock market access. "We filed a patent on fractional share trading... and now almost every brokerage firm in the world offers fractional share trading," Carter proudly notes, underlining the shift towards more inclusive investment models.

Carter's journey took another significant turn with his engagement with Google employees and his eventual focus on emerging markets, particularly China and India. His firsthand experiences with these economies offered him a unique perspective on their potential for growth and innovation. "China's economy was growing at over 10%," he recalls, capturing the dynamism of these regions long before they became focal points for global investors.

The discussion delves into the intricacies of emerging market investments, emphasizing the consumer-driven growth in these regions. Carter's approach to investment in emerging markets is not just about recognizing their growth potential but understanding the transformative impact of technology, particularly mobile internet, on these economies. "The second wave was China, right behind us, 2005 to 2020... Now, there's still growth in China, but... the third wave is going to be giant, and it's already happening," he explains, highlighting the ongoing evolution of global market dynamics.

Carter's narrative on India's transformation is richly detailed, attributing a significant part of this change to Nandan Nilekani, Infosys' co-founder, who led the Aadhaar program since its inception in 2009. This initiative was a critical move towards digitizing the nation's identity verification processes, issuing a unique twelve-digit identification number linked with biometric data to every citizen. It was a monumental step in addressing the critical lack of formal identification and laid the foundation for the India Stack, an advanced digital infrastructure that facilitated the opening of 800 million digital bank accounts and propelled the country towards financial inclusivity. Coupled with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) system revolutionizing payments—showcasing an 80% shift towards digital transactions with over 12 billion monthly transactions—India's narrative underlines a nation on the cusp of a technological and economic revolution. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, a vibrant middle class, and a tech talent pool, under Prime Minister Modi's leadership, the country is poised to redefine its global stance, making it a focal point for investors in technology, consumer goods, and fintech sectors.