The history of abortion in the United States since 1970 has been marked by legal, political, and cultural shifts that have continually influenced the debate over reproductive rights. Here is a brief overview of the key events and turning points during this period: Roe v. Wade (1973): This landmark Supreme Court decision ruled that a woman's right to have an abortion is protected by the Constitution under the right to privacy. It established a legal framework in which states could regulate abortion but could not ban it outright before fetal viability (approximately 24 weeks of pregnancy). Roe v. Wade significantly expanded access to abortion throughout the United States. Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992): This Supreme Court decision upheld the essential holding of Roe v. Wade but allowed states to impose certain restrictions on abortion as long as they did not place an "undue burden" on a woman's ability to access the procedure. This led to the implementation of various restrictions by states, such as waiting periods, parental consent laws, and mandatory counseling. Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act (2003): This federal law, signed by President George W. Bush, banned a specific late-term abortion procedure known as intact dilation and extraction. The law was challenged but ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court in the 2007 case, Gonzales v. Carhart. Affordable Care Act (2010): Also known as Obamacare, this law required most insurance plans to cover women's preventive health services, including contraception, without co-pays or deductibles. However, it also allowed states to restrict or prohibit insurance coverage for abortion services. Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016): This Supreme Court decision struck down two Texas laws that imposed strict regulations on abortion providers, such as requiring doctors performing abortions to have admitting privileges at nearby hospitals and requiring clinics to meet surgical-center standards. The Court ruled that these restrictions placed an undue burden on women seeking abortions and were thus unconstitutional. Heartbeat Bills (2018-2021): In this period, several states passed so-called "heartbeat bills," which banned abortions once a fetal heartbeat could be detected, as early as six weeks into pregnancy. Many of these laws were challenged in court, leading to injunctions and legal battles that continue today. Texas Senate Bill 8 (2021): This law bans abortions after approximately six weeks of pregnancy and allows private citizens to sue anyone who aids, abets, or performs an abortion in violation of the law. The Supreme Court declined to block the law in September 2021, leading to concerns about its potential implications for Roe v. Wade and other state-level abortion restrictions. The history of abortion in the United States since 1970 has been characterized by legal battles and changing social attitudes, with an ongoing struggle between those who advocate for reproductive rights and those who seek to restrict or ban abortion.