This collection of excerpts examines political theory through the lens of “Machiavellianism,” advocating for a scientific approach to understanding power dynamics. It analyzes the ideas of Machiavelli, Mosca, Sorel, Michels, and Pareto, focusing on the nature of elites, the role of myths and violence, and the limits of democracy. A key theme is the tension between formal political ideals and the reality of power struggles. The sources critique traditional political thought that relies on utopian visions or moral pronouncements, and emphasize the importance of observing actual social behavior. It suggests that effective political analysis requires understanding the interplay of diverse social forces and recognizing the inherent limitations of popular rule. The text also investigates the conditions under which a political science is possible, even as it acknowledges those conditions are often interfered with by the powerful.