Dr. Will Cole, leading functional-medicine expert, consults people around the world via webcam and locally in Pittsburgh. He specializes in clinically investigating underlying factors of chronic disease and customizing health programs for thyroid issues, autoimmune conditions, hormonal dysfunctions, digestive disorders, and brain problems. Time stamps:  0:11:35 - Podcast begins 0:12:30 - What is "intuitive eating?" 0:16:05 - Fasting is a byproduct of metabolic flexibility 0:17:55 - Fasting is built into who we are genetically 0:20:35 - The Hadza had long periods during the day without food 0:22:15 - Islamic fasting leads to an increased abundance of Akkermansi muciniphila and bacteroides fragilis group: a preliminary study on intermittent fasting 0:24:20 - Most people think they need to put more into their gut in order to heal 0:28:05 - The world is begging for a "pause" 0:29:45 - The effects of daily fasting hours on shaping gut microbiota in mice 0:30:00 - Restructuring of the Gut Microbiome by Intermittent Fasting Prevents Retinopathy and Prolongs Survival in db/db Mice 0:31:15 - Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382 days' duration 0:32:00 - Betahydroxybutarate is a signaling molucule that helps lower inflammation 0:34:40 - There should be a balance when we fast, because and we can go too far with anything 0:39:30 - What serves you now might not serve you in the future 0:40:45 - What is "clean carb cycling" and how we can implement it 0:41:50 - What are the best carbs to incorprate in our diets? 0:44:20 - What are your thoughts on fructose? 0:46:15 - All sugar is not created equal 0:47:34 - Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease 0:50:35 - DNA repair with intermittent fasting 0:52:05 - Macro and eating-window variability is a great idea for humans 0:55:00 - Is there evidence that fasting helps with visceral fat reduction? 0:55:50 - Probability of an Obese Person Attaining Normal Body Weigh: Cohor Study Using Electronic Health Records 0:59:35 - Our body is more of a chemistry lab, rather than a calculator 1:04:10 - What are some things we should look out for when we begin our intermittent fasting journey? Sponsors: Heart & Soil: www.heartandsoil.co White Oak Pastures: Whiteoakpastures.com, use CarnivoreMD for 10% off your first order Belcampo: Belcampo.com, use CarnivoreMD for 10% of your first order Helix Mattress: www.Helix Sleep.com/carnivore md for $200 off Joovv: www.joovv.com/paul