Episode SummaryErin and Rachel spend a lot of time wringing their hands over the mature themes in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Disney’s animated film about a bell ringer in medieval France. The film underperformed at the box office; apparently, a children’s movie about adult sexuality is a bell you can’t un-ring. The depictions of disability and race induce further cringing that the dazzling music and visuals can’t completely overcome. Join the party! Episode BibliographyAstier, H. (2014, February 13). France’s unwanted Roma. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25419423Bahr, S. (2021, June 22). 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' at 25: 'The Most R-Rated G You Will Ever See'. The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/movies/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame.htmlBarnes, B. (2022, June 10). After a Political Storm, Gay Days Return to Disney. The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/10/style/disney-gay-days.htmlBarrère, J. (2022, May 18). Victor Hugo: French writer. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo/Bates, J. (1996, July 23). Quasi-Successful: Do 'Hunchback' Results Signal a Sea Change? LA Times. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160423120423/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-07-23/business/fi-27142_1_disney-animationBiography.com Editors. (2014, April 2). Victor Hugo Biography. Biography. https://www.biography.com/writer/victor-hugoBracken, H. (2022, September 7). The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Hunchback-of-Notre-DameBruncati, D. (2020, August 27). Every Disney Renaissance Era Film, Ranked By Budget. Screen Rant. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://screenrant.com/disney-renaissance-films-ranked-budget/Corliss, R. (1996, June 24). CINEMA: A GRAND CARTOON CATHEDRAL. TIME. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,984745,00.htmlCoyne, S. M., & Whitehead, E. (2008). Indirect aggression in animated Disney films. Journal of Communication, 58, 382 –395. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00390.xDavis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Dickerson, M. (1996, June 13). Baptist Group Rebukes Disney, Urges Boycott. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20150217063632/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-06-13/news/mn-14682_1_southern-baptistDreamloverMimi. (2017, February 7). The Making of the Hunch Back of Notre Dame (1996). YouTube. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efEUV7cDsB0Ebert, R. (1996, June 21). The Hunchback of Notre Dame movie review (1996). RogerEbert.com. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-1996The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2022, August 24). Roma. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/RomFadner, D. (1998). Disney Gets Religion. Conference: National Convention of the American Academy of Religion. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342182716_DISNEY_GETS_RELIGIONFeng, Y., & Park, J. (2015). Bad seed or good seed? A content analysis of the main antagonists in Walt Disney- and Studio Ghibli-Animated Films. Journal of Children and Media, 9(3), 368-385. doi: 10.1080/17482798.2015.1058279galaxies352. (2017, April 9). Disney Hunchback Of Notre Dame Premier Parade 6/19/96 WVUE-TV New Orleans, La. YouTube. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_ukR__9brYGaul, L. (1996, June 14). Disney Made Effort to Follow Hugo's Novel. Beaver County Times. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2002&dat=19960614&id=NBsvAAAAIBAJ&pg=3659,3055615Gerard, J. (1996, June 17). The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Variety. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-4-1200446001/Graham, J. A., Yuhas, H., & Roman, J. L. (2018). Death and coping mechanisms in animated Disney movies: A content analysis of Disney films (1937–2003) and Disney/Pixar films (2003–2016). Social Sciences, 7, 199-213. doi: 10.3390/socsci7100199The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1996_film)Lacroix, C.  (2004). Images of animated others: The orientalization of Disney's cartoon heroines from The Little Mermaid to The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Popular Communication, 2(4), 213-229.Lavender, N. (2021, November 16). The Untold Truth Of Disney's The Hunchback Of Notre Dame. Looper. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://www.looper.com/459159/the-untold-truth-of-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/Maslin, J. (1996, June 21). FILM REVIEW;The Dancing Gargoyles Romp and Wisecrack. The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/21/movies/film-review-the-dancing-gargoyles-romp-and-wisecrack.htmlMcCullough, D. (1994, October 8). DISMISSAL STUNS MAGIC KINGDOM. Deseret News. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.deseret.com/1994/10/9/19135475/dismissal-stuns-magic-kingdomMcGill, C. M. (2018). "This burning desire is turning me to sin": The intrapersonal sexual struggles of two Disney singing villains. Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture, 3(1), 27-49. doi: 10.1386/qsmpc.3.1.27_1Ness, M. (2016, March 3). When Gargoyles Interrupt Your High Concept Film: Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Tor.com. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/03/when-gargoyles-interrupt-your-high-concept-film-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/Norman, F. (2008, November 11). Toon Tuesday: Looking Back on Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame” - Part Un. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-looking-back-on-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-part-un/Norman, F. (2011, November 18). Toon Tuesday: Looking Back on Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" - Part Deux. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-looking-back-on-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-part-deux/Pavlovic, D. (2019, May 23). Romani or Gypsies? TEDxBocconiU. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTlQMOdeW_8Pinskey, M. I. (1996, July 27). Hunchback Finds Favor with Activists. Herald Journal, B10.Pinskey, M. I. (2004). The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996): The House of the Lord. In The Gospel According to Disney (pp. 167-174). Westminster John Knox Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Gospel_According_to_Disney/YGtbYTyulb4C?hl=en&gbpv=0The Pope meets the press: Media coverage of the clergy abuse scandal. (2010, June 11). Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/06/11/the-pope-meets-the-press-media-coverage-of-the-clergy-abuse-scandal/Rauzi, R. (1996, June 24). Children Seem Unfazed by 'Hunchback' Themes. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-24-ca-18114-story.htmlSpiegel, J. (2021, June 21). 'The Hunchback Of Notre Dame' At 25: An Oral History Of Disney's Darkest Animated Classic. Slash Film. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.slashfilm.com/581592/hunchback-of-notre-dame-oral-history/Strauss, B. (1996, June 23). Courting Controversy? Disney's Newest Animated Feature, 'Hunchback Of Notre Dame,' Takes On Sensitive Adult Issues. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/jun/23/courting-controversy-disneys-newest-animated/Swardson, A. (1997, January 2). Quelle Horreur! French Give Thumbs-Up To Disney's `Hunchback'. The Seattle Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19970102&slug=2516743Thompson, A., & Karger, D. (1996, June 21). Disney's ''Hunchback'' has murder, lust, and corruption. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://ew.com/article/1996/06/21/disneys-hunchback-has-murder-lust-and-corruption/Thompson, A., & Karger, D. (1996, June 21). Playing a Hunch. Entertainment Weekly. https://web.archive.org/web/20141205135730/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,293046,00.htmlTowbin, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, Z. S., Lund, L. K., & Tanner, L. R.  (2003). Images of Gender, Race, Age, and Sexual Orientation in Disney Feature-Length Animated Films. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 15(4), 19-44. doi: 10.1300/J086v15n04_02Trousdale, G., & Wise, K. (Directors). (1996). The Hunchback of Notre Dame [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.Whitney, C. R. (1997, January 5). A Disney Cartoon Becomes a Morality Play for Paris. The New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/05/world/a-disney-cartoon-becomes-a-morality-play-for-paris.html